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Hai-hai semuanya ......
UTBK sudah semakin dekat nih. Saatnya kamu mengeluarkan seluruh daya juangmu untuk menggapai jurusan dan atau PTN yang kamu impikan & inginkan. Kali ini saya berikan latihan reading comprehension lagi berisi 25 butir soal.
Teks beserta soal ada di bawah ini, tapi jika kamu butuh versi Pdf nya, kamu bisa scroll sampai bawah postingan. Disana kamu akan menmukan link versi pdf beserta link kunci jawabannya.
Selamat mengerjakan dan tetap semangat!
This text is for questions 1 to 10
Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.
If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask, how does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.
1. The passage answers which of the following questions?
A. What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage?
B. When do dead cells harm plant growth?
C. How does water get to the tops of trees?
D. Why is root pressure weak?
2. What do the experiments mentioned in first paragraph prove?
A. Plant stems die when deprived of water
B. Cells in plant stems do not pump water
C. Plants cannot move water to high altitudes
D. Plant cells regulate pressure within stems
3. How do botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?
A. Some very tall trees have weak root pressure.
B. Root pressures decrease in winter.
C. Plants can live after their roots die.
D. Water in a plant's roots is not connected to water in its stem.
4. Which of the following statements does the passage support?
A. Water is pushed to the tops of trees.
B. Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps.
C. Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall trees.
D. Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants.
5. The word "it" in line 10 refers to....
A. top
B. tree
C. water
D. Cohesion-tension theory.
6. The word "there" in line 14 refers to....
A. treetops
B. roots
C. water columns
D. tubes
7. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant?
A. Humidity
B. Plant growth
C. Root pressure
D. Evaporation
8. The word "extend" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
A. stretch
B. branch
C. increase
D. rotate
9. According to the passage, why does water travel through plants in unbroken columns?
A. Root pressure moves the water very rapidly.
B. The attraction between water molecules in strong.
C. The living cells of plants push the water molecules together.
D. Atmospheric pressure supports the columns.
10. Why does the author mention steel wire in line 22?
A. To illustrate another means of pulling water
B. To demonstrate why wood is a good building material
C. To indicate the size of a column of water
D. To emphasize the strength of cohesive forces in water
BACA JUGA ARTIKEL YANG INI:
This text is for questions number 11 to 19
Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centres than they were in the pre-modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city centre and still commute there for working, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fuelled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
11. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
A. Types of mass transportation.
B. Instability of urban life.
C. How supply and demand determine land use.
D. The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.
12. The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT.........
A. growth in city area
B. Separation of commercial and residential districts.
C. Changes in life in the inner city.
D. Increasing standards of living.
13. The word "vast" in line 3 is closest in meaning to....
A. Large
B. Basic
C. New
D. Urban
14. The word "sparked" in line 10 is closest in meaning to, EXCEPT....
A. brought about
B. surrounded
C. stimulated
D. triggered
15. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
A. To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
B. To show that mass transit changed many cities.
C. To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
D. To describe the demography of the cities
16. The word "potential" in line 16 is closest in meaning to....
A. certain
B. popular
C. improved
D. possible
17. The word "many" in line 19 refers to....
A. people
B. lots
C. years
D. real estate developers
18. According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
A. It was expensive.
B. It happened too slowly.
C. It was unplanned.
D. It created a demand for public transportation.
19. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city....
A. that is large
B. that is used as a model for land development
C. where land development exceeded population growth
D. with an excellent mass transportation system.
This text is for questions number 20 to 25
For a century and a half the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind instrument, the piano is completely self-sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favourite household instrument of the nineteenth century.
The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries – the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard
group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord's tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.
The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano e forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.
20. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The historical development of the piano
B. The quality of tone produced by various keyboard instruments
C. The uses of keyboard instruments in various types of compositions
D. The popularity of the piano with composers
21. Which of the following instruments was widely used before the seventeenth century?
A. The harpsichord
B. The spinet
C. The clavichord
D. The organ
22. The words "a supremacy" in line 8 are closest in meaning to
A. a suggestion
B. an improvement
C. a dominance
D. a development
23. The word "it" in line 10 refers to the
A. variety
B. music
C. harpsichord
D. clavichord
24. According to the passage, what deficiency did the harpsichord have?
A. It was fragile
B. It lacked variety in tone.
C. It sounded metallic.
D. It could not produce a strong sound.
25. According to the information in the third paragraph, which of the following improvements made it possible to lengthen the tone produced by the piano?
A. The introduction of pedals
B. The use of heavy wires
C. The use of felt-padded hammerheads
D. The metal frame construction
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